The picture of Our Mother of Good Counsel is familiar to all who frequent
the churches of the Augustinian Friars. With them and their people it has
a place of special honor. The original, the miraculous picture, has been
in the reverent keeping of the members of the Order of Saint Augustine for
over four hundred years. The church that enshrines the original fresco of
Our Mother of Good Counsel is located in the small town of Genazzano about
thirty miles southeast of Rome in the diocese of Palestrina.
Early Beginnings
Legend has it that this church stood unfinished and roofless when, on
April 25, 1467, the image of the Madonna was miraculously transported there
from its former home in Scutari, Albania. Coming to rest precariously on
a narrow stone ledge in the wall inside the church, the legend continues,
the pictures has remained in that position to the present day.
The name however, is much older that then picture. “Saint Mary
of Good Counsel” was the name given to a beautiful church erected
in the fifth century on the ruins of a temple of Venus in ancient Latium.
But time took its toll on the church. It was almost a ruin in 1356, when
the Augustinian Friars were charged with its care and restoration. The task
might have been hopeless if Mary herself had not come with her heavenly
image in 1467. She seemed determined to confirm and perpetuate her favorite
title, “Mother of Good Counsel.”
Careful investigations undertaken between 1957 and 1959 for the purpose
of restoration have revealed something of the true origin of the fresco.
The image of the Madonna – about 12 inches wide and 17 inches high
– that the viewer today sees encased in an elaborate glass, metal,
and marble framework, is part of a larger fresco that once covered a portion
of the wall now hidden by the baroque shrine altar. Art experts consulted
during the restoration suggest that the fresco, including the image of the
Madonna, is the work of the early 15th century artist Gentile da Fabriano.
He probably painted his fresco on the wall around the time of Martin V (1417-1431).
At some subsequent on the basis of the evidence, was covered over with plaster,
and on the wall hung a terra-cotta image of the Madonna which was known
as Our Mother of Good Counsel.
The Event
In 1467, the Augustinian Friars undertook to rebuild the church on the
site, enclosing within the structure the wall on which the then covered
fresco was painted. This work was sponsored by a widow named Petruccia,
who exhausted her means on the project and was unable to continue the construction.
At that point the image of the Madonna appeared and was taken to be a token
of divine favor. The unexpected appearance was perhaps brought about in
this way: when the stone ledge was being inserted into the wall, the plaster
covering cracked and separated from the wall, revealing the fresco beneath.
The image was initially hailed as the Madonna of Paradise, an allusion to
its apparently heavenly origin, but soon it came to be known by the former
title of the shrine, Madonna of Good Counsel.
The unfinished church was completed soon after this occurrence and became
the center of continuous pilgrimage. A place was also built for the Augustinian
Friars, who to this day still minister to the spiritual wants of the thousands
that come to venerate the picture of the Mother of Good Counsel. The story
of the picture spread far and wide; many came to pray at this shrine. The
numerous cures recorded as having occurred since then have caused the picture
of the Madonna to be called miraculous.
One striking aspect of the fresco which has lent a certain credence to
the legends surrounding it, is that the upper portion of the image is separated
from the wall so that much of the fresco is just a thin sheet of plaster.
Yet the image of Our Lady of Good Counsel has survived for centuries in
this precarious state, through the rebuilding of the main walls of the church,
through a number of earthquakes, and even through the aerial bombardment
of Genazzano during World War II. Because of this condition, the restoration
undertaken in 1957 was a delicate task.
A Legend Concerning Its Origin
There
arose a legend that the picture had come from Albania, many miles across
the Atlantic Sea. Among the first pilgrims who came to Genazzano were two
men with a very remarkable story to tell. While praying at a shrine of Our
Lady in the Albanian town of Scutari, they saw the picture which they were
venerating remove itself from the wall of the church. They watched in amazement
as it rose into the air. High in the sky it was wrapped in a cloud and vanished
from their sight in the direction of the Adriatic and Italy. They tried
to follow the image. They searched everywhere for it, in all the famous
shrines and churches of Rome and other cities. Finally they heard rumors
of a new picture at Genazzano.
They hurried there at last found the object of their quest, their own
beloved holy picture. At Scutari it had been loved and revered for many
centuries; then the ardor of the people toward it had cooled.
Petruccia di Nocera
In their very early endeavors the good friars were ably assisted in their
efforts by the gracious aid of a holy widow, Petruccia di Nocera. Since
her husband’s death, this saintly woman, a tertiary of the Order of
Saint Augustine, had devoted herself to the service of the little church,
and great was her distress over the neglected condition in which the sanctuary
of Our Mother of Good Counsel was permitted to remain. To restore it was
the ambition of her life, and so strongly was she drawn to the undertaking
that she felt inspired to sacrifice her home and moderate income to further
this cause. While other might have felt daunted, Petruccia never once failed
in her hopes. She constantly reiterated her assurance that the work would
be completed because Almighty God, through the intercession of Saint Augustine
and the Blessed Virgin, would see fit to crown her feeble efforts with unforeseen
success.
Petruccia, having lived to see her fondest hopes abundantly realize,
died in 1470, honored by all. The Augustinians who owed so much to this
good tertiary laid her body to rest at the feet of the beloved Madonna,
with an inscription above which told of her share in the great work accomplished
by God at Genazzano.
The Popes and the Shrine
Our Mother of Good
Counsel has been called the Madonna of the popes. In truth, since the arrival
of the picture, there is scarcely a pope who has not in some way given evidence
of great devotion to her. The initial approval of the devotion to Our Mother
of Good Counsel was given by Pope Paul II. Later popes ratified this initial
approval: Sixtus IV, Alexander VI, Pius V, Gregory XIII, and Urban VIII.
In 1682 Pope Innocent XI approved the placing of a golden crown over the
image, and in 1753 Pope Bendict XIV established the Pious Union of Our Lady
of Good Counsel, a spiritual society to which many granted to the Augustinian
Order a proper Mass and Office for the feast day. Pope Pius IX had a personal
devotion to Our Mother of Good Counsel; he made a pilgrimage to Genazzano
in 1864.
More than any other pope, Pope Leo XIII, himself a member of the Pious
Union, was deeply attached to this devotion, which has associations with
his childhood in Carpineto, a town not far from Genazzano. He instituted
the white scapular of Good Counsel into the Litany of Loreto, declared the
shrine a minor basilica, and installed a copy of the image over the altar
in the Pauling chapel in the Vatican. It was he who coined the phrase: “Children,
follow her counsels.” Pope Pius XII dedicated his reign to Our Mother
of Good Counsel, and Pope John XXIII made a visit to her shrine in 1959.
Augustinians and Devotion to the Image
The Augustinians have been at all times the outstanding promoters of the
devotion to Our Mother of Good Counsel. Within the last century there have
been two holy men of the Order who were particularly notable for their zeal
in spreading this devotion. Blessed Stephen Bellesini was pastor at the
shrine and is buried in a side chapel of the church, and Venerable Joseph
Menochio was papal sacristan to Pope Pius VII.
Conclusion
Thus, for five hundred years, the devotion to Our Mother of Good Counsel
has flourished and grown. Great artists have fashioned rich copies of the
Madonna in canvas, stone, and mosaic. One will find the picture of Our Mother
of Good Counsel in beautiful shrines and in great cathedrals and churches.
Missionaries have carried it to the ends of the earth, and it has fond its
way into the humblest of homes throughout the world.
The feast of Our Mother of Good Counsel is celebrated on April 26.